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smallunicorn | 22 December, 2010 22:01

Nitrate Ammonia
My Research for science fair project

Somechemicals release energy. Chemicalreactions that produce heat are called exothermic.Calciumchloride is exothermic , that is, it releases heat during a chemicalreactions with water .

Somechemicals absorb energy. Chemical reactions that absorbs heat fromthe surrounding are called endothermic.Ammonium Nitrate dissolved in the water, the water becomes a lotcolder. This type of endothermic process is used in instant coldpack.

Ammoniumnitrate is a whitecrystals.

Chemicalformula of Ammoniumnitrate is

NH4NO3

Whenyou pop a water pack the endothermic reaction of ammonium nitratewith water forms ammonium and nitrate ions

[NH4]+ [NO3]-

Anion is an atom or molecule which the total number of electrons is notequal to the total number of protons. This is giving it a positive ornegative charge.

Thereare two ways of making chemical bonds .

Covalentbonds form when atoms share electrons. Ionic bonds form when when oneatom gives electrons to another atom.

Waterbreaks ionic bond between the two parts of molecule in to the positive and negative parts. It takesheat energy from water to make the separation.

Heatenergy is the kinetic energy of movement of the molecules and atoms.The faster moving the molecules the more the more heat energy thereis and the more kinetic energy. When the ionic bond breaks there ismore potential energy and least kinetic energy.

Ifthere is least kinetic energy then the molecules move slower andthe amount of heat is smaller.

Howmuch heat energy is "lost" when ammonium nitratedissolves in water? I measure the amount of lost heat that isinvolved using Equation 1.

Equation1:

q=cm(T1-T2)

  • q = energy, measured in joules (J)

  • c = heat capacity, measured in joules per gram per degree Celsius, J/(g°C)

  • m = mass of solution, measured in grams (g) or (mass in grams water + mass in grams ammonium nitrate)

  • J = joules (J), unit of energy

  • g = grams (g) of water

  • °C = degrees Celsius

  • T1 = starting temperature, in degrees Celsius

  • T2 = lower temperature after ammonium nitrate has dissolved, in degrees Celsius

Equation1 states that "the amount of heat energy that is lost when waterchanges from temperature T1 to the lowertemperature, T2, equals the difference in the twotemperatures, times the heat capacity, times the mass of thesolution."

Theheat capacity of a substance tells you how much thetemperature will change for a given amount of energy exchanged.Another substance has another heat capacity.

Glass has the heat capacity

C=0.84 J/g°C

Plastic, Foam has the heat capacity

C=1.3 J/g°C

Water has the heat capacity

C=4.18 J/(g°C)

Equation2:

c (water) =

4.18 J
(g°C)

 

 

  • c = heat capacity, measured in joules per gram per degrees Celsius, (J/g°C)

  • J = joules (J), unit of energy

    g = grams (g) of water

  • °C = degrees Celsius

Equation2 says that " The heat capacity of water is 4.18 joules per gram of water per degree Celsius".What these means is that if you add 4.18 J of heat energy to 1 g of water , its temperature will increase 1°C.

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Chemical terms ammonium nitrate | atom | bond | energy | ionic bond | molecule | potential energy | solution | substance | temperature | water

 
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